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Compulsory Miseducation

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</style><table class="infobox ib-book vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Compulsory Miseducation </caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a> edition cover, 1971</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Paul_Goodman" title="Paul Goodman">Paul Goodman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education in the United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data">1964 (Horizon Press)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">189<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><bdi>978-0-394-70325-1</bdi> <a href="#cite_note-BIP-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">370.1<a href="#cite_note-BIP-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)"><abbr title="Library of Congress Classification">LC Class</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">LB1025<a href="#cite_note-BIP-2">[2]</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

Compulsory Miseducation is a critique of <a href="Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">American public schools</a> written by <a href="Paul_Goodman" title="Paul Goodman">Paul Goodman</a> and published by Horizon Press in 1964. Already established as a <a href="Social_critic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social critic">social critic</a> of American society and the role of its youth in his previous book <a href="Growing_Up_Absurd" title="Growing Up Absurd">Growing Up Absurd</a> (1960), Goodman argues in Compulsory Miseducation against the necessity of schools for the socialization of youth and recommends their abolition. He suggests that <a href="Formal_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Formal education">formal education</a> lasts too long, teaches the wrong <a href="Social_class" title="Social class">social class</a> values, and increasingly damages students over time. Goodman writes that the school reflects the misguided and insincere <a href="Societal_values" class="mw-redirect" title="Societal values">values of its society</a> and thus school reformers should focus on these values before schools. He proposes a variety of <a href="Alternative_education" title="Alternative education">alternatives to school</a> including <a href="Informal_education" title="Informal education">no school</a>, the city or <a href="Youth_work" title="Youth work">farm as school</a>, <a href="Apprenticeships" class="mw-redirect" title="Apprenticeships">apprenticeships</a>, guided travel, and youth organizations. Reviewers complimented Goodman's style and noted his deliberate <a href="Contrarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Contrarianism">contrarianism</a>, but were split on the feasibility of his proposals. Goodman's book was a precursor to the work of <a href="Deschooling" title="Deschooling">deschooling</a> advocate <a href="Ivan_Illich" title="Ivan Illich">Ivan Illich</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div>

Paul Goodman was an American intellectual and cultural critic who rose to prominence after publishing <a href="Growing_Up_Absurd" title="Growing Up Absurd">Growing Up Absurd</a> (1960). In the book, Goodman asserts that the structure of American society was not conducive to the needs of youth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnard1973-3">[3]</a> Goodman's subsequent book, <a href="The_Community_of_Scholars" title="The Community of Scholars">The Community of Scholars</a> (1962), and his experience in the classroom, informed his criticism of <a href="Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">American schooling</a> and the development of Compulsory Miseducation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOboler1964-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESale1995496-5">[5]</a> The book was initially published in 1964 by Horizon Press,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a> and was later republished by <a href="Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a> in 1966<a href="#cite_note-BIP-2">[2]</a> and by <a href="Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a> in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelville197118-6">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2></div>

Compulsory Miseducation is a critique of the American public school system. Goodman argues against its social necessity and mandatory attendance requirements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOboler1964-4">[4]</a> He contends that the only "right education" is "growing up into a worthwhile world", and that adult concern over schooling is indicative of an opposite such world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a> Goodman thinks education should strengthen children's preexisting drive towards refining their own abilities for usefulness in society<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a48-7">[7]</a> while developing <a href="Community_spirit" title="Community spirit">community spirit</a>. He claims that school, of which there is too much, instead encourages conformity for the good of private, corporate needs at a cost to the public.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a> Goodman writes that America's schools reflect its misguided and insincere <a href="Societal_values" class="mw-redirect" title="Societal values">societal values</a>, which need to change before schools can.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a>

Goodman criticizes the structure of academic curriculum, and connects it with "programmed instruction" and schooling that emaciates the mind proportional with time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr1964-8">[8]</a> He regards the "academic establishment" as self-aggrandizing and constituting "an invested intellectual class worse than anything since the time of <a href="Henry_the_Eighth" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry the Eighth">Henry the Eighth</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a> Accordingly, the scholastically inclined, knowing only lockstep, march unquestioningly into "top management and expert adviser" roles while the rest have little self-worth in their societal roles,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a48-7">[7]</a> pursuing "worthless" degrees that make their schooling appear as "a cruel hoax".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrescott1973237-9">[9]</a>

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In the upper grades and colleges, they often exude a cynicism that belongs to rotten aristocrats.

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<div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Goodman, Compulsory Miseducation<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a></cite></div>

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Goodman sees schools as mechanisms for adjusting youth to an automated society increasingly absent "any human values".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrescott1973237-9">[9]</a> Goodman disagrees with those who say public schools teach middle class values, as he sees schools as more <a href="Petit_bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Petit bourgeois">petit bourgeois</a> than <a href="Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgeois">bourgeois</a>, favoring "bureaucratic, time-serving, <a href="Gradgrind" title="Gradgrind">grade-grind</a>-practical, timid, and <a href="Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche">nouveau riche</a> climbing" over "independence, initiative, scrupulous honesty, earnestness, utility, [and] respect for thorough scholarship".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a> In this way, schooling is not a good use of student time, and students are right to quit and avoid the psychological and professional damage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a> More important is the disintegration of <a href="Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">social class</a> segregation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOboler1964-4">[4]</a> Goodman then asserts that lower- and middle-class kids would be better off without public or any <a href="Formal_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Formal education">schooling</a> altogether. He proposes several alternatives to formal schooling, such as divvying up the high school's public funds directly amongst its students, and advocates for a variety of experimental <a href="Alternative_education" title="Alternative education">school alternatives</a>: "<a href="Informal_education" title="Informal education">no school at all</a>, the real city as school, <a href="Youth_work" title="Youth work">farm schools</a>, practical <a href="Apprenticeships" class="mw-redirect" title="Apprenticeships">apprenticeships</a>, guided travel, work camps, little theaters and local newspapers, [and] <a href="Community_service" title="Community service">community service</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a> Other proposals include making class non-compulsory (such that attendance will reflect student interest without "trapping" children), requiring students to wait two years before applying to the most elite colleges, eliminating grades so the burden of testing for required skills falls on companies,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedenberg1964-10">[10]</a> and letting students quit and resume freely.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a48-7">[7]</a> He proposes <a href="Folk_high_school" title="Folk high school">Danish folk school</a>-style education for those uninterested in academics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a49-11">[11]</a> Goodman's foremost intention was to stimulate new educational paradigms. He acknowledges that his specific proposals may be unpopular<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a> or ignored.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrescott1973237-9">[9]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

<a href="John_Keats_(writer)" title="John Keats (writer)">John Keats</a> (<a href="The_New_York_Times_Book_Review" title="The New York Times Book Review">The New York Times Book Review</a>) described Compulsory Miseducation as "passionate" and "eloquent".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a> He called Goodman's propositions in the absence of formal schooling "startling" and characterized Goodman as "a lonely <a href="Humanism" title="Humanism">humanist</a> crying in a <a href="Philistine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philistine">Philistine</a> marketplace, where the largest single share of public wealth is devoted to the strategies of overkill, and where another enormous amount is dedicated to putting blinders on the probable victims."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a> Keats recommended the book for parents who put their children's welfare before their own.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">[1]</a> <a href="Eli_M._Oboler" title="Eli M. Oboler">Eli M. Oboler</a> (<a href="Library_Journal" title="Library Journal">Library Journal</a>), meanwhile, only recommended Goodman's "polemic onslaught" for those who like "contentious [and] disagreeable" material.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOboler1964-4">[4]</a> He wrote that Goodman's approach was unreasonable and contrarian: for instance, his stances in favor of sexual expression and against the importance of literacy in schools.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOboler1964-4">[4]</a>

<a href="Edgar_Z._Friedenberg" title="Edgar Z. Friedenberg">Edgar Z. Friedenberg</a> (<a href="The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>) explained the book as a poem by <a href="Marianne_Moore" title="Marianne Moore">Marianne Moore</a>'s definition: "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Poetry_(Moore)" class="extiw external" title="wikisource:Poetry (Moore)">an imaginary garden with real toads in it</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedenberg1964-10">[10]</a> By this metaphor, he found Goodman to be a gardener who lacked imagination and forethought but understood growth (the most important trait). Friedenberg compared Goodman with prominent educationist <a href="James_Bryant_Conant" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bryant Conant">James Conant</a>, whom Friedenberg considered less competent in understanding the conditions of learning. Friedenberg felt that Conant's Shaping Educational Policy complemented Goodman's Compulsory Miseducation, as both shared a common though disparate interest in the distribution of power within schooling structures. While Friedenberg agreed with Goodman's conclusions, he considered them sermon-like in their predetermination, permitting no counter-interpretation. He added that Goodman's "empirical inductive and ... theoretical-deductive" logic was complete and that the work provided little apart from a neat interpretation of the reality within schools and its effect on students' human attributes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedenberg1964-10">[10]</a> Friedenberg wrote that Goodman's proposals are "pertinent, concrete, modest, and inexpensive", practical in their aims, and already implemented on a smaller scale.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedenberg1964-10">[10]</a> Furthermore, he concluded that Goodman's argument on how education squandered what it intended to promote was "strong [and] circumstantial".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedenberg1964-10">[10]</a>

Nat Hentoff (<a href="The_Reporter_(magazine)" title="The Reporter (magazine)">The Reporter</a>) struggled to disagree with Goodman's claim that schools provided little room for "spontaneity" and free spiritedness.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a48-7">[7]</a> However, he felt that Goodman inadequately explained how primary schools could be improved in content and staffing. Hentoff said that the book's key flaw was its position in a "political vacuum", offering no means for society to acknowledge Goodman's expressed unviability of their schooling model.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a49-11">[11]</a>

Donald Barr (<a href="New_York_Herald_Tribune" title="New York Herald Tribune">New York Herald Tribune</a> <a href="Book_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Week">Book Week</a>) wrote that Goodman seemed like "an itinerant peddler of sedition" who spoke of virtuous "dissonance".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr1964-8">[8]</a> Barr considered Goodman "extraordinarily sensitive to children and adolescents" and complimented his "brilliant authenticity" when describing how children learn "defiance and embarrassment".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr1964-8">[8]</a> However, Barr found Goodman's "purblind resentment of all authority" to obstruct his points and to leave his readers skeptical.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr1964-8">[8]</a> Children, Barr wrote, are lost if they cannot find the limits they serve to test, and "partisan" Goodman was unable to parse the wickedness of continually "yielding, ... tolerating, understanding" children who must feel resistance against their transgressions to develop the respect they seek.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr1964-8">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div>

The book influenced the <a href="Free_school_movement" title="Free school movement">free school movement</a> of the late 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoehr1994b513-12">[12]</a> Nigel Melville (<a href="Fortnight_(magazine)" title="Fortnight (magazine)">Fortnight</a>) placed Goodman alongside <a href="Herbert_Kohl_(educator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Kohl (educator)">Herb Kohl</a>, <a href="Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman">Neil Postman</a>, <a href="Jules_Henry" title="Jules Henry">Jules Henry</a>, and <a href="Everett_Reimer" title="Everett Reimer">Everett Reimer</a> as part of an education anti-orthodoxy, or new orthodoxy under <a href="Ivan_Illich" title="Ivan Illich">Ivan Illich</a> and <a href="Paulo_Freire" title="Paulo Freire">Paulo Freire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelville197118-6">[6]</a> Bill Prescott (Instructional Science) said the book was "among the most influential" in education circles in the early 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrescott1973235-13">[13]</a> He wrote that Goodman pioneered advocation for <a href="Deschooling" title="Deschooling">deschooling</a> and the disestablishment of schools, which was later popularized by Illich and Reimer (though Goodman's thoughts were less articulate in comparison).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrescott1973237-9">[9]</a> In a 2006 retrospective of Goodman's work for <a href="Teachers_College_Record" title="Teachers College Record">Teachers College Record</a>, James S. Kaminsky said that Goodman's four book-length critiques of American education together made Goodman a prominent intellectual and educationist.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminsky2006-14">[14]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeats1964-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeats1964_1-13">n</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeats1964">Keats 1964</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-BIP-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BIP_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BIP_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BIP_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BIP_2-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.booksinprint.com/DetailedView.aspx?hreciid=%7C3580564%7C47916225&mc=USA">"Compulsory Mis-education"</a>. <a href="Bowker_Books_in_Print" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowker Books in Print">Bowker Books in Print</a>. Retrieved February 1, 2015.</cite> <a href="Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"></a> (Subscription required.)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnard1973-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarnard1973_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarnard1973">Barnard 1973</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOboler1964-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOboler1964_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOboler1964_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOboler1964_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOboler1964_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOboler1964_4-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFOboler1964">Oboler 1964</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESale1995496-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESale1995496_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSale1995">Sale 1995</a>, p. 496.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelville197118-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelville197118_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelville197118_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMelville1971">Melville 1971</a>, p. 18.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a48-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a48_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a48_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a48_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a48_7-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFHentoff1964a">Hentoff 1964a</a>, p. 48.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarr1964-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr1964_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr1964_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr1964_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr1964_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarr1964_8-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarr1964">Barr 1964</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrescott1973237-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrescott1973237_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrescott1973237_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrescott1973237_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrescott1973237_9-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFPrescott1973">Prescott 1973</a>, p. 237.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFriedenberg1964-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedenberg1964_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedenberg1964_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedenberg1964_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedenberg1964_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFriedenberg1964_10-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFFriedenberg1964">Friedenberg 1964</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a49-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a49_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHentoff1964a49_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHentoff1964a">Hentoff 1964a</a>, p. 49.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStoehr1994b513-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStoehr1994b513_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStoehr1994b">Stoehr 1994b</a>, p. 513.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrescott1973235-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrescott1973235_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPrescott1973">Prescott 1973</a>, p. 235.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminsky2006-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaminsky2006_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKaminsky2006">Kaminsky 2006</a>.

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBarnard1973" class="citation news cs1">Barnard, Roger (February 1, 1973). "Goodman Observed". <a href="New_Society" title="New Society">New Society</a>. Vol. 23, no. 539. pp. 251–252. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-6729">0028-6729</a>. <a href="ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1307085609">1307085609</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBarr1964" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Donald_Barr" title="Donald Barr">Barr, Donald</a> (September 27, 1964). "Simple Simon says, hands off of eyes (Rev. of Compulsory Miseducation by Paul Goodman)". <a href="Book_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Week">Book Week</a>: 4.</cite></li></ul>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFFriedenberg1964" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Edgar_Z._Friedenberg" title="Edgar Z. Friedenberg">Friedenberg, Edgar Z.</a> (November 19, 1964). "The Education of James Conant and Paul Goodman (Rev. of Compulsory Miseducation by Paul Goodman)". <a href="The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a>. 3: 10. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-7504">0028-7504</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFHentoff1964a" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Nat_Hentoff" title="Nat Hentoff">Hentoff, Nat</a> (November 5, 1964). "Dropout from What? (Rev. of Compulsory Miseducation by Paul Goodman)". <a href="The_Reporter_(magazine)" title="The Reporter (magazine)">The Reporter</a>. 31: 48–49. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1049-1600">1049-1600</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFHentoff1964" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Nat_Hentoff" title="Nat Hentoff">Hentoff, Nat</a> (December 4, 1964). "Rev. of Compulsory Miseducation". <a href="Commonweal_(magazine)" title="Commonweal (magazine)">Commonweal</a>. 81: 358. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-3330">0010-3330</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFKaminsky2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kaminsky, James (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcrecord.org/content.asp?contentid=12559">"Paul Goodman, 30 Years Later: Growing Up Absurd; Compulsory Mis-education, and The Community of Scholars; and The New Reformation—A Retrospective"</a>. <a href="Teachers_College_Record" title="Teachers College Record">Teachers College Record</a>. 108 (7): 1339–1361. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9620.2006.00696.x">10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00696.x</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFKeats1964" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="John_Keats_(writer)" title="John Keats (writer)">Keats, John</a> (September 27, 1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/09/27/road-to-1984.html">"Road to 1984? (Rev. of Compulsory Miseducation by Paul Goodman)"</a>. <a href="The_New_York_Times_Book_Review" title="The New York Times Book Review">The New York Times Book Review</a>: 18. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-7806">0028-7806</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFLieberman1964" class="citation journal cs1">Lieberman, Myron (November 1964). "A Reproachful Look at Goodman's New Book". <a href="The_Phi_Delta_Kappan" class="mw-redirect" title="The Phi Delta Kappan">The Phi Delta Kappan</a>. 46 (3): 140–141. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-7217">0031-7217</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20343279">20343279</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFMelville1971" class="citation journal cs1">Melville, Nigel (December 15, 1971). "School Anti-School". <a href="Fortnight_(magazine)" title="Fortnight (magazine)">Fortnight</a> (30): 18–19. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0141-7762">0141-7762</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25543863">25543863</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFOboler1964" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Eli_M._Oboler" title="Eli M. Oboler">Oboler, E. M.</a> (December 15, 1964). "Rev. of Compulsory Miseducation". <a href="Library_Journal" title="Library Journal">Library Journal</a>. 89: 4904. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0363-0277">0363-0277</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFPrescott1973" class="citation journal cs1">Prescott, Bill (August 1973). "Rev. of Compulsory Miseducation". Instructional Science. 2 (2): 235–240. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0020-4277">0020-4277</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23368005">23368005</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFSale1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="Kirkpatrick_Sale" title="Kirkpatrick Sale">Sale, Kirkpatrick</a> (April 10, 1995). "Countercultural Elite". <a href="The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a>. 260 (14): 496–499. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8378">0027-8378</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFStoehr1994b" class="citation book cs1">— (1994b). "Paul Goodman". In DeLeon, David (ed.). Leaders from the 1960s: A Biographical Sourcebook of American Activism. Westport, Connecticut: <a href="Greenwood_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Press">Greenwood Press</a>. pp. 509–516. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-313-27414-5</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFGribble2016" class="citation journal cs1">Gribble, David (2016). "Compulsory Miseducation: how far has Paul Goodman's 1962 book affected education around the world?". Self & Society. 44 (4): 322–326. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03060497.2016.1249122">10.1080/03060497.2016.1249122</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0306-0497">0306-0497</a> – via <a href="Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>.</cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/compulsorymisedu0000good_e2q9">Full text</a> at the <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Paul_Goodman180" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Paul_Goodman" title="Paul Goodman">Paul Goodman</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Paul_Goodman_bibliography" title="Paul Goodman bibliography">Bibliography</a></li>

<li><a href="Fiction_of_Paul_Goodman" title="Fiction of Paul Goodman">Fiction</a></li>

<li><a href="Poetry_of_Paul_Goodman" title="Poetry of Paul Goodman">Poetry</a></li>

<li><a href="Stage_works_of_Paul_Goodman" title="Stage works of Paul Goodman">Stage works</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="The_May_Pamphlet" title="The May Pamphlet">The May Pamphlet</a> (1946)</li>

<li><a href="Kafka's_Prayer" title="Kafka's Prayer">Kafka's Prayer</a> (1947)</li>

<li><a href="Communitas_(book)" title="Communitas (book)">Communitas</a> (1947)</li>

<li><a href="Gestalt_Therapy_(book)" title="Gestalt Therapy (book)">Gestalt Therapy</a> (1951)</li>

<li><a href="Parents'_Day_(novel)" title="Parents' Day (novel)">Parents' Day</a> (1951)</li>

<li><a href="The_Structure_of_Literature" title="The Structure of Literature">The Structure of Literature</a> (1954)</li>

<li><a href="The_Empire_City" title="The Empire City">The Empire City</a> (1959)</li>

<li><a href="Growing_Up_Absurd" title="Growing Up Absurd">Growing Up Absurd</a> (1960)</li>

<li><a href="Utopian_Essays_and_Practical_Proposals" title="Utopian Essays and Practical Proposals">Utopian Essays and Practical Proposals</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="The_Community_of_Scholars" title="The Community of Scholars">The Community of Scholars</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="The_Lordly_Hudson" title="The Lordly Hudson">The Lordly Hudson</a> (1962)</li>

<li><a href="The_Society_I_Live_in_Is_Mine" title="The Society I Live in Is Mine">The Society I Live in Is Mine</a> (1963)</li>

<li><a href="Making_Do" title="Making Do">Making Do</a> (1963)</li>

<li><a href="People_or_Personnel" title="People or Personnel">People or Personnel</a> (1965)</li>

<li><a href="Five_Years_(book)" title="Five Years (book)">Five Years</a> (1966)</li>

<li><a href="Like_a_Conquered_Province" title="Like a Conquered Province">Like a Conquered Province</a> (1967)</li>

<li>"<a href="The_Politics_of_Being_Queer" title="The Politics of Being Queer">The Politics of Being Queer</a>" (1969)</li>

<li><a href="New_Reformation" title="New Reformation">New Reformation</a> (1970)</li>

<li><a href="Speaking_and_Language" title="Speaking and Language">Speaking and Language</a> (1971)</li>

<li><a href="Little_Prayers_and_Finite_Experience" title="Little Prayers and Finite Experience">Little Prayers and Finite Experience</a> (1972)</li>

<li><a href="Collected_Poems_(Goodman)" title="Collected Poems (Goodman)">Collected Poems</a> (1973)</li>

<li><a href="Paul_Goodman_works_edited_by_Taylor_Stoehr" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Goodman works edited by Taylor Stoehr">Works edited by Taylor Stoehr</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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